英读廊——人在篮球投篮时是怎样准确盘算必要多大力气和角度的?
* 用英语本身来了解和学习英语是最好的办法,《英读廊》是《满庭说英语》中的拓展阅读系列,这一系列的文章力图协助各位在英语阅读才能上有所提升,并树立英语头脑;
* 保举的阅读的办法是:先原文,得当看剖析阅读,另有疑惑再看双语比力。
* 剖析中英语单词的音标使用Dictcom和IPA双音标标注,假如必要了解Dictcom音标,请参看我们的《dictionary.com所用的音标体系》一文。
* 本篇文章难度系数8.0,由《小仙英语伴读》人工智能难度分析体系提供评分。
#英语头脑#
#英语#
【编者按】今天讲的是有关于篮球、活动及大脑的内容。
How are humans able to correctly predict the strength needed and accurate trajectory of objects such as shooting a basketball or throwing a baseball?
【译】人类怎样才干准确地猜测所需的力气和物体的准确轨迹,比如篮球投篮大概投掷棒球的时分?
【短语】such as 好比,比如;例句:I know many of them, such as John, Peter, and Tom. 我熟悉他们中间的很多人,比如约翰、彼得和汤姆。
【单词】correctly [kuh-‘rekt][k?’rektli] adv. 准确地;恰当地
【单词】predict [pri-‘dikt][pr?’d?kt] v. 预言;预告;预知;猜测
【单词】strength [strengkth, strength, strenth][stre?θ] n. 力气;强度;力气
【单词】accurate [‘ak-yer-it][‘?kj?r?t] adj. 准确的;准确的
【单词】trajectory [truh-‘jek-tuh-ree][tr?’d?ekt?ri] n. 轨道;弹道;轨迹
【单词】objects 原型:object [‘ob-jikt, -jekt][‘?bd??kt] n. 物体;目标;目标
【单词】shooting 原型:shoot [shoot][?u?t] v. 这里指篮球活动中的“投篮”
【单词】basketball [‘bas-kit-bawl, ‘bah-skit-][‘bɑ?sk?tb??l] n. 篮球
【单词】throwing 原型:throw [throh][θr??] v. 扔;投;掷;抛
【单词】baseball [‘beys-bawl][‘be?sb??l] n. 棒球,垒球
I studied this stuff in university.
【译】我在大学里学过这个东西。
【单词】stuff [stuhf][st?f] n. 东西;质料;质料
We do not make the sort of calculations that you would do in a science class.
【译】我们不会像你在封建课上那样做盘算。
【单词】calculations 原型:calculation [kal-kyuh-‘ley-shuh?n][?k?lkju’le??n] n. 盘算;估测;沉思熟虑
【单词】science [‘sahy-uhns][‘sa??ns] n. 封建;学科;文科;天然封建
Instead, we use a variety of clever shortcuts, including so-called “muscle memory” and also including perceptual tricks like “if the ball moves against the visual background in this way, then it’s going to travel in that trajectory.”
【译】相反,我们使用了种种奇妙的捷径,包含所谓的“肌肉影象”,也包含感知本事,好比“假如球以这种办法在视觉背景下挪动,那么它将沿着该轨迹活动”
【短语】a variety of … 种种千般的…,种种;例句:The department store carries a variety of leather shoes. 这家百货市肆经销种种皮鞋。
【用法】instead 单独在句首或句尾表现“相反的是”,“代之的是”;例:Instead, a dog has to pant to keep cool. 狗只能经过喘息来坚持凉快。
【单词】variety [vuh-‘rahy-i-tee][v?’ra??ti] n. 多样;品种;多样化
【单词】clever [‘klev-er][‘klev?] adj. 智慧的;乖巧的
【单词】shortcuts 原型:shortcut [‘shawrt-kuht][‘???tk?t] n. 捷径;近路;快捷键
【单词】so-called [‘soh-‘kawld][s?? k??ld] adj. <贬>号称的;所谓的
【单词】muscle [‘muhs-uhl][‘m?sl] n. 肌肉
【单词】memory [‘mem-uh-ree][‘mem?ri] n. 影象力;追念;影象
【单词】perceptual [per-‘sep-choo-uhl][p?’sept?u?l] adj. 敏感的;知觉的
【单词】tricks 原型:trick [trik][tr?k] n. 企图;把戏;把戏;窍门
【单词】visual [‘vizh-oo-uhl][‘v??u?l] adj. 视觉的;视力的;看的见的;外貌的
【单词】background [‘bak-ground][‘b?kɡra?nd] n. 背景;履历;幕后;后景
【单词】travel [‘trav-uhl][‘tr?vl] v. 挪动,快速挪动
Muscle memory, and practice.
【译】肌肉影象和练习。
Source: I’m really good at calculations, but play basketball once every 2 years and can only make 1 in 10 shots from 3-point range, on average.
【译】材料泉源:我真的很善于盘算,但是每两年打一次篮球,因此在三分线范围内投篮均匀只能投中十分之一。
【单词】shots 原型:shot [shot][??t] n. 投篮
【单词】average [‘av-er-ij, ‘av-rij][‘?v?r?d?] n. 均匀数;均匀水平 adj. 均匀的;寻常的;通常的
Humans are really good at pattern recognition.
【译】人类十分善于形式识别。
【单词】pattern [‘pat-ern][‘p?tn] n. 形式;图案;典范;式样
【单词】recognition [rek-uhg-‘nish-uhn][?rek?ɡ’n??n] n. 供认;认出;识别
Even if we have never tried to shoot a basket before, chances are we’ve at least handled something of similar weight and profile.
【译】即使我们从前从未实验过投篮,但我们最少弄过相似分量和表面的东西。
【短语】at least 最少;例句:At least, I asked him not to. 最少,我报告过他不要如此做。
【词法】even if是“即使,纵然”的意思,为连词,用于引导让步状语从句。如:Even if it rains tomorrow, we won’t change our plan. 即使明天下雨,我们也决不改动方案。
【单词】basket [‘bas-kit, ‘bah-skit][‘bɑ?sk?t] n. 篮;筐
【单词】handled 原型:handle [‘han-dl][‘h?ndl] v. 处理;对待;利用;触;买卖
【单词】weight [weyt][we?t] n. 分量
【单词】profile [‘proh-fahyl][‘pr??fa?l] n. 一边;表面;外貌;简介
Gravity itself acts consistently and predictably, so even if the object in question is different, we can get an approximation of how much force we might need, and how to aim it.
【译】引力本身的作用是一律的和可猜测的,以是即使所讨论的物体是不同的,我们也可以想到我们约莫必要用多大的力气,以及怎样对准(篮筐)。
【单词】Gravity 原型:gravity [‘grav-i-tee][‘ɡr?v?ti] n. 重力
【单词】consistently [kuhn-‘sis-tuhnt-lee][k?n’s?st?ntl?] adv. 一律地;一直如一地
【单词】predictably [pri-‘dik-tuh-buhl][pr??d?kt?bli] adv. 可预言地;不出所料地
【单词】approximation [uh-prok-suh-‘mey-shuhn][??pr?ks?’me??n] n. 接近;近似;近似值
【单词】aim [eym][e?m] vt. 对准;针对 vi. 对准;旨在;努力
Of course, that may not be entirely accurate, as I’m sure you’ve experienced trying to lifting something that was way heavier or lighter than you expected.
【译】固然,约莫投得不太准,由于我信赖你有过实验举起比你预期的更重或更轻的东西的履历。
【短语】of course 固然
【语法】lighter than 形貌词或副词比力级 + than,是“比…更…”的意思;例句:He is younger than me. 他比我(更)年轻。He runs faster than me. 他比我跑得(更)快。
【单词】entirely [en-‘tahyuhr-lee][?n’ta??li] adv. 完全地;全部地
【单词】lifting 原型:lift [lift][l?ft] vt. 举起,提升
【单词】heavier 原型:heavy 形貌词比力级 [‘hev-ee][‘hevi] adj. 大(量)的;重的;极重的;剧烈的
It could also just be luck.
【译】也约莫只是运气。
【单词】luck [luhk][l?k] n. 运气;侥幸;侥幸
I’ve seen plenty of people take their very first whatever in things and fail catastrophically as well.
【译】我见过很多人在任何事变上都市一事无成,也会遭遇劫难性的失败。
【单词】plenty [‘plen-tee][‘plenti] n. 丰厚;多量;富裕
【单词】fail [feyl][fe?l] vi. 失败;没做成某事;体现欠佳
【单词】catastrophically [kat-uh-‘strof-ik][?k?t?’str?f?k] adj. 劫难的;劫难性的
It doesn’t do any calculation and yes all has to do with muscle memory.
【译】没有任何盘算,是的,都与肌肉影象有关。
【单词】calculation [kal-kyuh-‘ley-shuh?n][?k?lkju’le??n] n. 盘算;估测;沉思熟虑
Practice practice practice, doing a task over and over and over again is what makes your brain good at doing it and knowing when it needs a little extra or a little less.
【译】练习-练习-练习,一次又一次地做一个职责是让你的大脑善于做它,并晓得什么时分它必要多一点或少一点(力气或角度)。
【短语】take over 表现“接受;吸收”。如:I intend you to take over. 我方案让你来接受。
【单词】task [task, tahsk][tɑ?sk] n. 职责;事情
【单词】brain [breyn][bre?n] n. 脑;大脑
【单词】extra [‘ek-struh][‘ekstr?] adj. 分外的;adv. 特别地
It’s all about practice and repetition.
【译】都是练习和反复。
【单词】repetition [rep-i-’tish-uh?n][?rep?’t??n] n. 反复;反复
About landing shot on first try, yes, many people get lucky, many people also miss on their first try.
【译】关于第一次试投篮,是的,很多人运气好,很多人也第一次没投进。
【单词】landing [‘lan-ding][‘l?nd??] 动词land的如今分词,这里指投篮
【单词】shot 原型:shoot [shoot][?u?t] v. 投篮
【单词】lucky [‘luhk-ee][‘l?ki] adj. 侥幸的;带来好运的
That’s just your brain making a guess based on other things it’s done.
【译】那只是你的大脑依据它所做的其他事变来推测。
【单词】guess [ges][ɡes] n. 推测;料想
【单词】based on 基于……